🏛️ 典故與文化背景
珠商的話術
「太大了沒市場」「顏色不對」「幾個月就會死掉」——這些都是壟斷收購者常用的貶值話術。三個珠商「誰也不看誰」,顯然事先串通好,扮演「冷淡拒絕」「專業挑毛病」「勉強收購」三種角色。
一千披索 vs. 五萬披索
20 世紀初的墨西哥,一千披索對採珠人是好幾年的收入,但對一顆世界級珍珠而言是極度的賤價。奇諾說它值五萬,可能還低估了。
愚人金(黃鐵礦)
外觀金黃發亮,常被誤認為黃金。加州淘金熱時期許多人空歡喜一場。珠商用這個比喻,暗示奇諾「天真無知」。
放大鏡下的珍珠
天然珍珠的表面在放大鏡下確實有細紋和不規則——第二個珠商利用奇諾從沒看過放大的珍珠,把正常現象說成缺陷,跟醫生說「眼睛是藍的」如出一轍。
鄰居的動搖
「一千披索也不錯了,昨天他還一無所有」——史坦貝克點出剝削最有效的幫手:窮人自己的知足與恐懼。
胡安娜的拉扯
她在背後輕輕一拉,奇諾就「又有了力量」——在這一刻,她選擇支持丈夫。
扶桑花
墨西哥常見的花,紅色的扶桑花在黑絲絨旁,像一滴血——暗示這場交易的暴力本質。
📖 導讀
隊伍莊嚴地走進石頭城,乞丐、雜貨店老闆、酒館老闆都跟上了。珠商的辦公室集中在一條窄街上,窗戶裝著鐵條,木條擋住光線,只剩「柔和的幽暗」。消息先一步傳到,珠商們拿出文件假裝在工作,把自己的珍珠收進抽屜——「劣等的珍珠不該擺在美人旁邊」。
史坦貝克寫了全書最精彩的人物素描之一:一個胖胖慢慢的珠商,面容慈祥、眼帶笑意,是那種「笑到一半能想起你姑媽過世、眼眶跟著濕潤」的人。桌上一朵鮮紅的扶桑花,鬍子刮到發青的根部,指甲修得光亮。他一邊哼歌,右手一邊在桌下玩硬幣魔術——硬幣在指節上翻滾、出現、消失,「手指機械而精準地完成一切」。奇諾出現在門口的那一刻,硬幣一閃,消失了。
奇諾很懂自己的「戲劇效果」:慢慢拿出皮袋、慢慢打開鹿皮,讓大珍珠滾進黑絲絨托盤,眼睛立刻盯住珠商的臉。臉上毫無變化——可是桌下那隻祕密的手失了準頭,硬幣絆在指節上,無聲地滑落到他腿上。接著,「珠商的手變成了一個人格」:它把珍珠丟回托盤,用食指戳它、侮辱它。「你聽過愚人金吧?這顆珍珠就像愚人金。太大了,誰會買?……只是一件稀奇古怪的東西。一千披索。」
「它值五萬,你知道的,你想騙我。」人群一陣低聲騷動,珠商感到一絲恐懼,立刻叫人去請另外三個珠商來「證明沒有串通」。鄰居們開始動搖:一千披索也不少了,昨天他還一無所有。可是奇諾感覺到「命運在逼近、狼群在繞圈、禿鷹在盤旋」。三個珠商進來,誰也不看誰:第一個說「這不是珍珠,是怪物」;第二個用放大鏡看,說它「又軟又像粉筆,幾個月就會褪色死掉」;第三個說「我有個客人喜歡這種東西,我出五百」。奇諾一把搶回珍珠,塞進襯衫裡。
重點
- 幽暗的辦公室:鐵窗、木條、幽光——剝削在陰影裡進行。
- 慈祥的面具:笑容、花、修剪整齊的指甲——最危險的人看起來最友善。
- 硬幣魔術:手的「機械精準」代表訓練有素的欺騙;硬幣滑落是他唯一洩漏的真相。
- 手變成人格:手指侮辱珍珠——史坦貝克讓身體部位自己演戲。
- 愚人金:把最珍貴的東西說成假貨——壟斷者的話術。
- 三個珠商的雙簧:「誰也不看誰」——假裝獨立,其實照著劇本演。
- 鄰居的動搖:一千披索對窮人已是財富——剝削就靠窮人的「知足」運作。
- 狼與禿鷹:奇諾感覺到自己被包圍——從獵人變成獵物。
📕 中英對照(逐句)
The gathering procession was solemn, for they sensed the importance of this day, and any children who showed a tendency to scuffle, to scream, to cry out, to steal hats and rumple hair, were hissed to silence by their elders.
聚集起來的隊伍很莊嚴,因為他們感覺得到這一天的重要;任何想扭打、尖叫、大喊、搶帽子、弄亂別人頭髮的孩子,都被大人噓聲制止。
So important was this day that an old man came to see, riding on the stalwart shoulders of his nephew.
這一天重要到連一個老人都來看了,騎在他姪子結實的肩膀上。
The procession left the brush huts and entered the stone and plaster city, where the streets were a little wider and there were narrow pavements beside the buildings.
隊伍離開樹枝屋,進入石頭灰泥之城,那裡的街道寬一點,房子旁邊有窄窄的人行道。
And as before, the beggars joined them as they passed the church; the grocers looked out at them as they went by; the little saloons lost their customers and the owners closed up shop and went along.
跟上次一樣,他們經過教堂時乞丐加入了;雜貨店老闆看著他們走過;小酒館的客人都跑了,老闆乾脆關店跟著去。
And the sun beat down on the streets of the city and even tiny stones threw shadows on the ground.
太陽毒辣地照在城裡的街道上,連小小的石子都在地上投下影子。
The news of the approach of the procession ran ahead of it, and in their little dark offices the pearl buyers stiffened and grew alert.
隊伍逼近的消息跑在隊伍前面,珠商們在他們陰暗的小辦公室裡全身一緊,提高了警覺。
They got out papers so that they could be at work when Kino appeared, and they put their pearls in the desks, for it is not good to let an inferior pearl be seen beside a beauty.
他們拿出文件,好讓奇諾出現時自己正在工作;他們把自己的珍珠收進抽屜,因為讓劣等的珍珠擺在美人旁邊被看見,可不是好事。
And word of the loveliness of Kino’s pearl had come to them.
奇諾那顆珍珠有多美,他們已經聽說了。
The pearl buyers’ offices were clustered together in one narrow street, and they were barred at the windows, and wooden slats cut out the light so that only a soft gloom entered the offices.
珠商的辦公室都擠在一條窄街上,窗戶裝著鐵條,木條擋住了光線,只有一片柔和的幽暗透進辦公室。
A stout slow man sat in an office waiting.
一個胖胖的、動作慢吞吞的男人坐在一間辦公室裡等著。
His face was fatherly and benign, and his eyes twinkled with friendship.
他的臉像父親一樣慈祥和藹,眼睛閃著友善的光。
He was a caller of good mornings, a ceremonious shaker of hands, a jolly man who knew all jokes and yet who hovered close to sadness, for in the midst of a laugh he could remember the death of your aunt, and his eyes could become wet with sorrow for your loss.
他是那種會跟人道早安、會很有禮節地握手的人,一個什麼笑話都知道的快活人,卻又總是徘徊在悲傷邊緣——因為他可以笑到一半,想起你姑媽過世了,眼睛就為你的喪親之痛而濕潤。
This morning he had placed a flower in a vase on his desk, a single scarlet hibiscus, and the vase sat beside the black velvet-lined pearl tray in front of him.
今天早上,他在桌上的花瓶裡插了一朵花,一朵鮮紅的扶桑花,花瓶就擺在他面前那個襯著黑絲絨的珍珠托盤旁邊。
He was shaved close to the blue roots of his beard, and his hands were clean and his nails polished.
他的鬍子刮得極乾淨,刮到發青的根部,他的手很乾淨,指甲修得光亮。
His door stood open to the morning, and he hummed under his breath while his right hand practised legerdemain.
他的門朝著早晨敞開,他低聲哼著歌,右手在練習戲法。
He rolled a coin back and forth over his knuckles and made it appear and disappear, made it spin and sparkle.
他讓一枚硬幣在指節上來回翻滾,讓它出現又消失,讓它旋轉、閃閃發亮。
The coin winked into sight and as quickly slipped out of sight, and the man did not even watch his own performance.
硬幣一眨眼出現,又一眨眼不見,那人連看都不看自己的表演。
The fingers did it all mechanically, precisely, while the man hummed to himself and peered out the door.
手指機械而精準地完成這一切,那人則自顧自哼著歌,往門外張望。
Then he heard the tramp of feet of the approaching crowd, and the fingers of his right hand worked faster and faster until, as the figure of Kino filled the doorway, the coin flashed and disappeared.
接著他聽見人群逼近的沉重腳步聲,右手的手指越動越快,直到奇諾的身影塞滿門口的那一刻,硬幣一閃,消失了。
“Good morning, my friend,” the stout man said.
「早安,我的朋友。」胖子說。
“What can I do for you?”
「有什麼可以為你效勞的?」
Kino stared into the dimness of the little office, for his eyes were squeezed from the outside glare.
奇諾盯著小辦公室裡的昏暗,因為外面的強光讓他的眼睛瞇了起來。
But the buyer’s eyes had become as steady and cruel and unwinking as a hawk’s eyes, while the rest of his face smiled in greeting.
可是珠商的眼睛已經變得像鷹眼一樣沉穩、殘酷、一眨也不眨,臉的其他部分則在微笑著打招呼。
And secretly, behind his desk, his right hand practised with the coin.
而在桌子後面,他的右手偷偷地繼續玩著那枚硬幣。
“I have a pearl,” said Kino.
「我有一顆珍珠。」奇諾說。
And Juan Tomás stood beside him and snorted a little at the understatement.
胡安.托馬斯站在他旁邊,聽到這麼輕描淡寫的說法,忍不住哼了一聲。
The neighbours peered around the doorway, and a line of little boys clambered on the window bars and looked through.
鄰居們在門口探頭探腦,一排小男孩爬上窗戶的鐵條往裡看。
Several little boys, on their hands and knees, watched the scene around Kino’s legs.
還有幾個小男孩趴在地上,從奇諾的腿邊看著這一幕。
“You have a pearl,” the dealer said.
「你有一顆珍珠。」珠商說。
“Sometimes a man brings in a dozen.
「有時候一個人一次帶十幾顆來。
Well, let us see your pearl.
好吧,讓我們看看你的珍珠。
We will value it and give you the best price.”
我們會估價,給你最好的價錢。」
And his fingers worked furiously with the coin.
他的手指瘋狂地玩著那枚硬幣。
Now Kino instinctively knew his own dramatic effects.
奇諾本能地懂得製造戲劇效果。
Slowly he brought out the leather bag, slowly took from it the soft and dirty piece of deerskin, and then he let the great pearl roll into the black velvet tray, and instantly his eyes went to the buyer’s face.
他慢慢拿出皮袋,慢慢從裡面取出那塊又軟又髒的鹿皮,然後讓那顆大珍珠滾進黑絲絨托盤,同時眼睛立刻盯住珠商的臉。
But there was no sign, no movement, the face did not change, but the secret hand behind the desk missed in its precision.
可是沒有任何跡象、任何動靜,那張臉毫無變化——可是桌子後面那隻祕密的手,失了準頭。
The coin stumbled over a knuckle and slipped silently into the dealer’s lap.
硬幣絆在一個指節上,無聲地滑落到珠商的腿上。
And the fingers behind the desk curled into a fist.
桌子後面的手指蜷成了拳頭。
When the right hand came out of hiding, the forefinger touched the great pearl, rolled it on the black velvet; thumb and forefinger picked it up and brought it near to the dealer’s eyes and twirled it in the air.
等右手從藏身處出來,食指碰了碰那顆大珍珠,讓它在黑絲絨上滾動;拇指和食指把它拈起來,湊到珠商眼前,在空中轉動。
Kino held his breath, and the neighbours held their breath, and the whispering went back through the crowd.
奇諾屏住呼吸,鄰居們也屏住呼吸,耳語一路往人群後面傳。
“He is inspecting it—No price has been mentioned yet—They have not come to a price.”
「他在檢查——還沒開價——他們還沒談到價錢。」
Now the dealer’s hand had become a personality.
這時珠商的手已經變成了一個有個性的東西。
The hand tossed the great pearl back in the tray, the forefinger poked and insulted it, and on the dealer’s face there came a sad and contemptuous smile.
那隻手把大珍珠丟回托盤,食指戳著它、侮辱它,珠商臉上浮現一抹悲傷而輕蔑的微笑。
“I am sorry, my friend,” he said, and his shoulders rose a little to indicate that the misfortune was no fault of his.
「很遺憾,我的朋友。」他說,肩膀微微聳起,表示這個不幸不是他的錯。
“It is a pearl of great value,” Kino said.
「這是一顆非常值錢的珍珠。」奇諾說。
The dealer’s fingers spurned the pearl so that it bounced and rebounded softly from the side of the velvet tray.
珠商的手指輕蔑地彈了一下珍珠,它在絲絨托盤的邊緣輕輕彈跳、反彈。
“You have heard of fool’s gold,” the dealer said.
「你聽說過愚人金吧。」珠商說。
“This pearl is like fool’s gold.
「這顆珍珠就像愚人金。
It is too large.
它太大了。
Who would buy it?
誰會買?
There is no market for such things.
這種東西沒有市場。
It is a curiosity only.
它只是一件稀奇古怪的東西。
I am sorry.
很遺憾。
You thought it was a thing of value, and it is only a curiosity.”
你以為它很值錢,它其實只是一件稀奇古怪的東西。」
Now Kino’s face was perplexed and worried.
這時奇諾的臉上滿是困惑和憂慮。
“It is the Pearl of the World,” he cried.
「它是世界之珠!」他大喊。
“No one has ever seen such a pearl.”
「從來沒有人見過這樣的珍珠。」
“On the contrary,” said the dealer, “it is large and clumsy.
「正好相反,」珠商說,「它又大又笨拙。
As a curiosity it has interest; some museum might perhaps take it to place in a collection of sea-shells.
當作一件奇物,它還有點意思;也許哪家博物館會收去,放在貝殼收藏裡。
I can give you, say, a thousand pesos.”
我可以給你,嗯,一千披索。」
Kino’s face grew dark and dangerous.
奇諾的臉變得陰沉而危險。
“It is worth fifty thousand,” he said.
「它值五萬。」他說。
“You know it.
「你知道的。
You want to cheat me.”
你想騙我。」
And the dealer heard a little grumble go through the crowd as they heard his price.
珠商聽見人群聽到他的出價時,一陣低聲的抱怨傳開。
And the dealer felt a little tremor of fear.
珠商感到一絲恐懼的顫慄。
“Do not blame me,” he said quickly.
「別怪我。」他很快地說。
“I am only an appraiser.
「我只是一個估價的人。
Ask the others.
去問問別人。
Go to their offices and show your pearl—or better let them come here, so that you can see there is no collusion.
到他們的辦公室去給他們看你的珍珠——或者更好的是,讓他們到這裡來,這樣你就能看到我們沒有串通。
Boy,” he called.
小廝!」他喊。
And when his servant looked through the rear door: “Boy, go to such a one, and such another one and such a third one.
等他的僕人從後門探頭進來:「小廝,去找某某人,還有某某人,還有第三個某某人。
Ask them to step in here and do not tell them why.
請他們過來一趟,別跟他們說為什麼。
Just say that I will be pleased to see them.”
就說我很樂意見見他們。」
And his right hand went behind the desk and pulled another coin from his pocket, and the coin rolled back and forth over the knuckles.
他的右手伸到桌子後面,從口袋裡又掏出一枚硬幣,硬幣又在指節上來回翻滾。
Kino’s neighbours whispered together.
奇諾的鄰居們交頭接耳。
They had been afraid of something like this.
他們早就怕會發生這種事。
The pearl was large, but it had a strange colour.
珍珠是很大,可是顏色有點怪。
They had been suspicious of it from the first.
他們從一開始就懷疑它了。
And after all, a thousand pesos was not to be thrown away.
再說,一千披索也不是可以隨便丟掉的。
It was comparative wealth to a man who was not wealthy.
對一個不富有的人來說,那已經算是一筆財富了。
And suppose Kino took a thousand pesos.
假如奇諾收下一千披索。
Only yesterday he had nothing.
昨天他還一無所有呢。
But Kino had grown tight and hard.
可是奇諾已經變得緊繃而強硬。
He felt the creeping of fate, the circling of wolves, the hover of vultures.
他感覺到命運在悄悄逼近,狼群在繞圈,禿鷹在盤旋。
He felt the evil coagulating about him, and he was helpless to protect himself.
他感覺到邪惡正在他周圍凝結,而他無力保護自己。
He heard in his ears the evil music.
他耳中聽見了惡的音樂。
And on the black velvet the great pearl glistened, so that the dealer could not keep his eyes from it.
黑絲絨上,那顆大珍珠閃閃發亮,亮得珠商的眼睛離不開它。
The crowd in the doorway wavered and broke and let the three pearl dealers through.
門口的人群晃動、散開,讓三個珠商進來。
The crowd was silent now, fearing to miss a word, to fail to see a gesture or an expression.
人群現在安靜了,生怕漏聽一個字、漏看一個手勢或表情。
Kino was silent and watchful.
奇諾沉默而警覺。
He felt a little tugging at his back, and he turned and looked in Juana’s eyes, and when he looked away he had renewed strength.
他感覺到背後被輕輕拉了一下,他轉頭看進胡安娜的眼睛,等他把眼光移開時,他又有了新的力量。
The dealers did not glance at one another nor at the pearl.
珠商們既不看彼此,也不看珍珠。
The man behind the desk said: “I have put a value on this pearl.
桌子後面的人說:「我已經替這顆珍珠估了價。
The owner here does not think it fair.
這位物主覺得不公道。
I will ask you to examine this—this thing and make an offer.
我想請各位檢查一下這個——這個東西,出個價。
Notice,” he said to Kino, “I have not mentioned what I have offered.”
注意,」他對奇諾說,「我沒有說我出了多少。」
The first dealer, dry and stringy, seemed now to see the pearl for the first time.
第一個珠商又乾又瘦,好像現在才第一次看見那顆珍珠。
He took it up, rolled it quickly between thumb and forefinger, and then cast it contemptuously back into the tray.
他把它拿起來,在拇指和食指之間很快地搓了搓,然後輕蔑地丟回托盤。
“Do not include me in the discussion,” he said dryly.
「別把我算進來。」他冷冷地說。
“I will make no offer at all.
「我根本不出價。
I do not want it.
我不要。
This is not a pearl—it is a monstrosity.”
這不是珍珠——這是個怪物。」
His thin lips curled.
他薄薄的嘴唇撇了撇。
Now the second dealer, a little man with a shy soft voice, took up the pearl, and he examined it carefully.
接著第二個珠商——一個聲音羞怯柔和的小個子——拿起珍珠仔細檢查。
He took a glass from his pocket and inspected it under magnification.
他從口袋裡拿出一個放大鏡,放大了檢查。
Then he laughed softly.
然後他輕聲笑了。
“Better pearls are made of paste,” he said.
「人造的假珍珠都比這個好。」他說。
“I know these things.
「這種東西我懂。
This is soft and chalky, it will lose its colour and die in a few months.
這個又軟又像粉筆,幾個月後就會褪色、死掉。
Look——.”
你看——」
He offered the glass to Kino, showed him how to use it, and Kino, who had never seen a pearl’s surface magnified, was shocked at the strange-looking surface.
他把放大鏡遞給奇諾,教他怎麼用;奇諾從來沒看過放大的珍珠表面,被那奇怪的表面嚇了一跳。
The third dealer took the pearl from Kino’s hands.
第三個珠商從奇諾手裡拿走珍珠。
“One of my clients likes such things,” he said.
「我有一個客人喜歡這種東西。」他說。
“I will offer five hundred pesos, and perhaps I can sell it to my client for six hundred.”
「我出五百披索,也許我可以用六百賣給我的客人。」
Kino reached quickly and snatched the pearl from his hand.
奇諾飛快地伸手,從他手裡搶回珍珠。
He wrapped it in the deerskin and thrust it inside his shirt.
他用鹿皮把它包起來,塞進襯衫裡。
📚 字詞與句法(15)
1legerdemainKK [ˌlɛdʒɚdəˈmen](n.)戲法、障眼法;詭計
- 詞義:原文
his right hand practised legerdemain——手指在變硬幣魔術。 - 例句:The company's accounts involved some financial legerdemain. / 那家公司的帳目用了一些財務障眼法。
- 詞源 × 實用度:法文 léger de main(手很輕巧)。書面詞,常用於比喻欺騙。
- 同義詞常用度:sleight of hand 70%、trickery 60%、conjuring 40%、legerdemain 20%(第 4/4 名)。
- 詞性變化:n. legerdemain。
2benignKK [bɪˈnaɪn](adj.)慈祥的、和善的;(醫)良性的
- 詞義:原文
His face was fatherly and benign。 - 例句:Fortunately the tumor was benign. / 幸好腫瘤是良性的。
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁文 benignus(仁慈的)。醫學用語 benign / malignant(良性/惡性)。
- 同義詞常用度:kind 85%、gentle 75%、kindly 60%、benign 45%(第 4/4 名)。
- 詞性變化:adj. benign;adv. benignly。
3ceremoniousKK [ˌsɛrəˈmonɪəs](adj.)講究禮節的
- 詞義:原文
a ceremonious shaker of hands。 - 例句:He gave a ceremonious bow. / 他鄭重其事地鞠了一躬。
- 詞源 × 實用度:ceremony(儀式)。
- 同義詞常用度:formal 85%、ritualistic 35%、ceremonious 30%(第 3/3 名)。
- 詞性變化:adj. ceremonious;n. ceremony。
4spurnKK [spɝn](v.)輕蔑地拒絕、一腳踢開
- 詞義:原文
The dealer’s fingers spurned the pearl。 - 例句:She spurned his offer of help. / 她一口回絕了他的幫忙。
- 詞源 × 實用度:古英文 spurnan(踢)。
- 同義詞常用度:reject 90%、rebuff 45%、scorn 50%、spurn 40%(第 4/4 名)。
- 詞性變化:spurn / spurned / spurned / spurning。
5fool's goldKK [fulz gold](n.)愚人金(黃鐵礦);虛有其表的東西
- 詞義:黃鐵礦外表像黃金,騙了很多淘金客。原文
This pearl is like fool’s gold. - 例句:Quick profits in the stock market can be fool's gold. / 股市的快速獲利可能只是虛有其表。
- 詞源 × 實用度:19 世紀淘金熱用語。比喻義常用。
- 同義詞常用度:(專有名詞;pyrite 為學名)
- 詞性變化:n. fool's gold。
6curiosityKK [ˌkjʊrɪˈɑsətɪ](n.)稀奇古怪的東西、珍品;好奇心
- 詞義:原文
It is a curiosity only.——在這裡不是「好奇心」,而是「奇物」。 - 例句:The shop sold antiques and curiosities. / 那家店賣古董和奇珍異品。
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁文 curiosus。cabinet of curiosities=珍奇櫃。
- 同義詞常用度:(奇物義)oddity 55%、novelty 50%、curio 30%、curiosity 40%。
- 詞性變化:n. curiosity;adj. curious。
7collusionKK [kəˈluʒən](n.)串通、勾結
- 詞義:原文
so that you can see there is no collusion——此地無銀三百兩。 - 例句:The companies were accused of collusion to fix prices. / 那些公司被指控串通壟斷價格。
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁文 colludere(一起玩)。法律、新聞常用。
- 同義詞常用度:conspiracy 65%、complicity 35%、collusion 55%(第 2/4 名)、connivance 20%。
- 詞性變化:n. collusion;v. collude。
8coagulateKK [koˈægjəˌlet](v.)凝結、凝固
- 詞義:原文
He felt the evil coagulating about him——邪惡像血一樣凝結。 - 例句:Blood coagulates when exposed to air. / 血液接觸空氣會凝固。
- 詞源 × 實用度:拉丁文 coagulare。醫學、化學用語,比喻罕見而有力。
- 同義詞常用度:clot 70%、congeal 45%、solidify 55%、coagulate 40%(第 4/4 名)。
- 詞性變化:v. coagulate;n. coagulation。
9monstrosityKK [mɑnˈstrɑsətɪ](n.)怪物、醜陋的龐然大物
- 詞義:原文
This is not a pearl—it is a monstrosity. - 例句:The new shopping mall is a concrete monstrosity. / 那座新購物中心是個醜陋的水泥怪物。
- 詞源 × 實用度:monster(怪物)。常用來批評建築。
- 同義詞常用度:eyesore 55%、abomination 35%、monstrosity 45%(第 2/3 名)。
- 詞性變化:n. monstrosity;adj. monstrous。
10pasteKK [pest](n.)(做假寶石的)鉛玻璃、人造寶石
- 詞義:原文
Better pearls are made of paste——連假珍珠都比這個好。 - 例句:Her "diamonds" turned out to be paste. / 她的「鑽石」原來是假的。
- 詞源 × 實用度:paste 一般是「糊、醬」,在珠寶業指仿製寶石的玻璃。
- 同義詞常用度:fake 85%、imitation 70%、costume jewelry 50%、paste 20%(第 4/4 名)。
- 詞性變化:n. paste。
11chalkyKK [ˈtʃɔkɪ](adj.)像粉筆的、白堊質的
- 詞義:原文
This is soft and chalky, it will lose its colour and die in a few months. - 例句:The medicine has a chalky taste. / 這藥吃起來有粉筆味。
- 詞源 × 實用度:chalk(粉筆、白堊)+ -y。
- 同義詞常用度:powdery 60%、chalky 55%(第 2/3 名)、crumbly 40%。
- 詞性變化:adj. chalky;n. chalk。
12hibiscusKK [hɪˈbɪskəs](n.)扶桑花、木槿
- 詞義:原文
a single scarlet hibiscus——鮮紅的花擺在黑絲絨旁邊,像血。 - 例句:Hibiscus tea is popular in Mexico as "agua de jamaica." / 洛神花茶在墨西哥很受歡迎,叫做「牙買加水」。
- 詞源 × 實用度:希臘文 hibiskos(藥蜀葵)。
- 同義詞常用度:(專有名詞)
- 詞性變化:n. hibiscus。
13pesoKK [ˈpeso](n.)披索(墨西哥貨幣)
- 詞義:原文
I can give you, say, a thousand pesos. - 例句:(專有名詞)
- 詞源 × 實用度:西班牙語「重量」。墨西哥、菲律賓等前西班牙殖民地仍使用。
- 同義詞常用度:(專有名詞)
- 詞性變化:n. peso(s)。
14身體部位的擬人化(修辭)
- 特徵:讓手、手指、眼睛獨立於主人而「演戲」。
- 原文例:
his right hand practised legerdemain ... The fingers did it all mechanically;the secret hand behind the desk missed in its precision;Now the dealer’s hand had become a personality. The hand tossed the great pearl back in the tray, the forefinger poked and insulted it。 - 效果:臉戴著面具,手卻說出真話——硬幣滑落是珠商唯一的破綻。讀者看見的不是一個人,而是一部欺騙的機器。
- 仿寫:Her smile stayed perfect; only her left foot, tapping under the table, betrayed her impatience.
15動物意象群(修辭)
- 特徵:用掠食動物描寫危機感。
- 原文例:
the buyer’s eyes had become as steady and cruel and unwinking as a hawk’s eyes;He felt the creeping of fate, the circling of wolves, the hover of vultures. - 效果:鷹、狼、禿鷹——珠商是掠食者,奇諾是獵物。延續第 6 節「大魚吃小魚」的食物鏈意象。
- 仿寫:The investors circled the struggling company like sharks smelling blood.